​Communication:



• Simple to-the-point messages that make students aware of food waste cause a reduction in their actual food waste (Whitehair, 2013).
• Time and place specific information that is utilized in the form of signs, pamphlets, or videos increases participation in target programs (Harrison, 1993).​

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Education:

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• Teaching individuals about issues and ways to combat them can instigate behavior action and self-efficacy (Chao-Jung, 2011).



Sociology:



• If individuals witness people important to them exhibiting a behavior, the individual is likely to exhibit the same behavior (subjective norms) (Chao-Jung, 2011). ​



Psychology:



• The use of feedback can increase participation in pro-environmental behaviors (Keller, 1991).
• Small incentives and written commitment are effective tools in promoting enduring behavior change (Katzev, 1986).
• A person with a positive attitude towards a behavior is more likely to partake in that particular behavior (Chao-Jung, 2011).